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Objective  Acetylcarnitine plays an important role in fat metabolism and can be detected in proton magnetic resonance spectra in skeletal muscle. An inverse relationship of acetylcarnitine to intramyocellular lipids and metabolic markers of chronic hyperglycemia has been suggested. This study aimed to compare the acetylcarnitine concentrations and intramyocellular lipids measured noninvasively by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS) in the tibialis anterior and the soleus of three different groups of volunteers with a broad range of glycemic control.    Methods  Acetylcarnitine and intramyocellular lipid concentrations were measured in 35 individuals stratified into three groups according to glucose tolerance and/or manifestation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. All MRS measurements were performed on a 3‐T MR system.    Results  The differences in patient phenotype were mirrored by increased intramyocellular lipids in the tibialis anterior and decreased acetylcarnitine concentrations in the soleus muscle of type 2 diabetes patients when compared with normal glucose‐tolerant individuals. Results suggest that intramyocellular lipids mirror whole‐body glucose tolerance better in the tibialis anterior muscle, whereas acetylcarnitine is a better discriminator in the soleus muscle.    Conclusions  This muscle‐specific behavior of metabolites could represent different fiber compositions in the examined muscles and should be considered when planning future metabolic studies.

Muscle‐Specific Relation of Acetylcarnitine and Intramyocellular Lipids to Chronic Hyperglycemia: A Pilot 3‐T 1 H MRS Study