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Purpose  To demonstrate an ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance fingerprinting (UTE‐MRF) method that allows quantifying relaxation times for muscle and bone in the musculoskeletal system and generating bone enhanced images that mimic CT scans.    Methods  A fast imaging steady‐state free precession MRF sequence with half pulse excitation and half projection readout was designed to sample fast T 2  decay signals. Varying echo time (TE) of a sinusoidal pattern was applied to enhance sensitivity for tissues with short and ultrashort T 2  values. The performance of UTE‐MRF was evaluated via simulations, phantom, and in vivo experiments.    Results  A minimal TE of 0.05 ms was achieved. Simulations indicated the sinusoidal TE sampling increased T 2  quantification accuracy in the cortical bone and tendon but had little impact on long T 2  muscle quantifications. For the rubber phantom, the averaged relaxometries from UTE‐MRF (T 1  = 162 ms and T 2  = 1.07 ms) compared well with the gold standard (T 1  = 190 ms and    T   2∗= 1.03 ms). For the long T 2  agarose phantom, the linear regression slope between UTE‐MRF and gold standard was 1.07 (R 2  = 0.991) for T 1  and 1.04 (R 2  = 0.994) for T 2 . In vivo experiments showed the detection of the cortical bone (averaged T 2  = 1.0 ms) and Achilles tendon (averaged T 2  = 15 ms). Scalp structures from the bone enhanced image show high similarity with CT.    Conclusion  The UTE‐MRF with sinusoidal TEs can simultaneously quantify T 1 , T 2 , proton density, and  B  0  in long, short, even ultrashort T 2  musculoskeletal structures. Bone enhanced images can be achieved in the brain with UTE‐MRF.

Ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance fingerprinting (UTE‐MRF) for simultaneous quantification of long and ultrashort T 2 tissues