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Background  Renal multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in kidney disease.    Purpose  To determine intrasubject test–retest repeatability of renal MRI measurements.    Study Type  Prospective.    Population  Nineteen healthy subjects aged over 40 years.    Field Strength/Sequences  T 1  and T 2  mapping, R 2 * mapping or blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), 2D phase contrast, arterial spin labelling (ASL), dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, and quantitative Dixon for fat quantification at 3T.    Assessment  Subjects were scanned twice with ~1 week between visits. Total scan time was ~1 hour. Postprocessing included motion correction, semiautomated segmentation of cortex and medulla, and fitting of the appropriate signal model.    Statistical Test  To assess the repeatability, a Bland–Altman analysis was performed and coefficients of variation (CoVs), repeatability coefficients, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated.    Results  CoVs for relaxometry (T 1 , T 2 , R 2 */BOLD) were below 6.1%, with the lowest CoVs for T 2  maps and highest for R 2 */BOLD. CoVs for all diffusion analyses were below 7.2%, except for perfusion fraction (F P ), with CoVs ranging from 18–24%. The CoV for renal sinus fat volume and percentage were both around 9%. Perfusion measurements were most repeatable with ASL (cortical perfusion only) and 2D phase contrast with CoVs of 10% and 13%, respectively. DCE perfusion had a CoV of 16%, while single kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a CoV of 13%. Repeatability coefficients (RCs) ranged from 7.7–87% (lowest/highest values for medullary mean diffusivity and cortical F P , respectively) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from −0.01 to 0.98 (lowest/highest values for cortical F P  and renal sinus fat volume, respectively).    Data Conclusion  CoVs of most MRI measures of renal function and structure (with the exception of F P  and perfusion as measured by DCE) were below 13%, which is comparable to standard clinical tests in nephrology.    Level of Evidence  2    Technical Efficacy  Stage 1

Multiparametric Renal MRI: An Intrasubject Test–Retest Repeatability Study