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Background and Aim  Due to the failure of antibiotic treatment and recurrence of infection in patients with  Helicobacter pylori , this study was designed to find the possible cause of treatment failure and recurrence of the  H. pylori  infections in Ilam, Iran.    Methods  One hundred patients with specific symptoms of  H. pylori  infection were selected, and after taking a biopsy specimen, identification of  H. pylori , antibiotic susceptibility assay, and persister cell assay were performed. In addition, after treatment, patients with persister cells were followed for possible recurrence of infection. Furthermore, an antibiotic susceptibility assay was performed.    Results  Our results demonstrated that, among 100 patients, 50% (n = 50) showed positive results for the existence of  H. pylori . Among the susceptible isolates, 18% (n = 9) were persister cells that were sensitive to clarithromycin as confirmed by a 5 folds higher than the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin. The data were confirmed by following up the suspected patients.    Conclusion  Our results demonstrated that persister cells in  H. pylori  infections may be responsible to recurrent infection and antibiotic treatment failure. However, more research is needed to obtain more information in this area.

Persister cells as a possible cause of antibiotic therapy failure in Helicobacter pylori