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A 74‐year‐old man with silicosis was admitted to the hospital because of prolonged fever. After referral to internal medicine for persistent fever and renal dysfunction, workup revealed antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( ANCA ) positivity. He was diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis ( MPA ). After treatment with immunosuppressive therapy, his condition improved. Herein, we discuss silica exposure and the risk of  ANCA ‐associated vasculitis ( AAV ), particularly in terms of work‐related diseases. Silica exposure is a notorious risk factor for developing  AAV , which is potentially lethal when not identified. When we see a silicosis patient with new‐onset prolonged fever and generalized fatigue,  AAV  should be taken into consideration. This case report provides beneficial information to reliably assess patients at high risk of developing  AAV  in primary care settings.

journal of general and family medicine

Silicosis, then microscopic polyangiitis—antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies‐associated vasculitis may be work‐related disease in patients with silicosis