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To create artificial cartilage  in vitro , mimicking the function of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and morphological cartilage‐like shape is essential. The interplay of cell patterning and matrix concentration has high impact on the phenotype and viability of the printed cells. To advance the capabilities of cartilage bioprinting, we investigated different ECMs to create an  in vitro  chondrocyte niche. Therefore, we used methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) in a stereolithographic bioprinting approach. Both materials have been shown to support cartilage ECM formation and recovery of chondrocyte phenotype. We used these materials as bioinks to create cartilage models with varying chondrocyte densities. The models maintained shape, viability, and homogenous cell distribution over 14 days in culture. Chondrogenic differentiation was demonstrated by cartilage‐typical proteoglycan and type II collagen deposition and gene expression ( COL2A1, ACAN ) after 14 days of culture. The differentiation pattern was influenced by cell density. A high cell density print (25 × 10 6  cells/mL) led to enhanced cartilage‐typical zonal segmentation compared to cultures with lower cell density (5 × 10 6  cells/mL). Compared to HAMA, GelMA resulted in a higher expression of  COL1A1,  typical for a more premature chondrocyte phenotype. Both bioinks are feasible for printing  in vitro  cartilage with varying differentiation patterns and ECM organization depending on starting cell density and chosen bioink. The presented technique could find application in the creation of cartilage models and in the treatment of articular cartilage defects using autologous material and adjusting the bioprinted constructs size and shape to the patient. © 2019 The Authors.  Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials  published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2649–2657, 2019.

Photopolymerizable gelatin and hyaluronic acid for stereolithographic 3D bioprinting of tissue‐engineered cartilage