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Calorie intake, olive oil consumption and mammographic density among Spanish women
Author(s) -
GarcíaArenzaicolás,
NavarreteMuñoz Eva María,
Lope Virginia,
Moreo Pilar,
Vidal Carmen,
LasoPablos Soledad,
Ascunce Nieves,
CasanovaGómez Francisco,
SánchezContador Carmen,
Santamariña Carmen,
Aragonés Nuria,
Gómez Beatriz Pérez,
Vioque Jesús,
Pollán Marina
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.28513
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , body mass index , confidence interval , confounding , logistic regression , demography , breast cancer , cross sectional study , population , calorie , zoology , environmental health , cancer , biology , pathology , sociology
High mammographic density (MD) is one of the main risk factors for development of breast cancer. To date, however, relatively few studies have evaluated the association between MD and diet. In this cross‐sectional study, we assessed the association between MD (measured using Boyd's semiquantitative scale with five categories: <10%, 10–25%, 25–50%, 50–75% and >75%) and diet (measured using a food frequency questionnaire validated in a Spanish population) among 3,548 peri‐ and postmenopausal women drawn from seven breast cancer screening programs in Spain. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), energy intake and protein consumption as well as other confounders, showed an association between greater calorie intake and greater MD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10‐1.38, for every increase of 500 cal/day], yet high consumption of olive oil was nevertheless found to reduce the prevalence of high MD (OR = 0.86;95% CI = 0.76‐0.96, for every increase of 22 g/day in olive oil consumption); and, while greater intake of whole milk was likewise associated with higher MD (OR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.00‐1.20, for every increase of 200 g/day), higher consumption of protein (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80‐1.00, for every increase of 30 g/day) and white meat ( p for trend 0.041) was found to be inversely associated with MD. Our study, the largest to date to assess the association between diet and MD, suggests that MD is associated with modifiable dietary factors, such as calorie intake and olive oil consumption. These foods could thus modulate the prevalence of high MD, and important risk marker for breast cancer.