Open AccessHigh‐Mobility Group Box‐1 and Liver Disease
Author(s) -
Gaskell Harriet,
Ge Xiaodong,
Nieto Natalia
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
hepatology communications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2471-254X
DOI - 10.1002/hep4.1223
Subject(s) - hmgb1 , high mobility group , liver injury , rage (emotion) , steatohepatitis , chronic liver disease , medicine , liver disease , context (archaeology) , fibrosis , inflammation , pathogenesis , fatty liver , nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , proinflammatory cytokine , hepatocellular carcinoma , glycation , immunology , disease , receptor , biology , cirrhosis , paleontology , biochemistry , neuroscience , gene
High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein. While initially thought to be simply an architectural protein due to its DNA‐binding ability, evidence from the last decade suggests that HMGB1 is a key protein participating in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury and chronic liver disease. When it is passively released or actively secreted after injury, HMGB1 acts as a damage‐associated molecular pattern that communicates injury and inflammation to neighboring cells by the receptor for advanced glycation end products or toll‐like receptor 4, among others. In the setting of acute liver injury, HMGB1 participates in ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and drug‐induced liver injury. In the context of chronic liver disease, it has been implicated in alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, specific posttranslational modifications have been identified that could condition the effects of the protein in the liver. Here, we provide a detailed review of how HMGB1 signaling participates in acute liver injury and chronic liver disease.