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Background  To prescribe early trismus therapy, prognostic factors influencing the restricted mouth opening should be identified first. Our aim is to present an overview of these factors in patients with head and neck cancer.    Methods  PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched using terms related to head and neck cancer and mouth opening. Risk of bias was assessed using the “Quality in Prognosis Studies” tool. A best evidence synthesis was performed.    Results  Of the identified 1418 studies, 53 were included. Three studies contained a prognostic multivariate model for a restricted mouth opening.    Conclusions  Patients with head and neck cancer will most likely develop a restricted mouth opening when they have a large tumor near the masticatory muscles that requires extensive cancer treatment. A restricted mouth opening most likely occurs within 6 months after cancer treatment. Further research is necessary on factors related to healing tendency or pain intensity.

Prognostic factors associated with a restricted mouth opening (trismus) in patients with head and neck cancer: Systematic review