Open AccessExtra‐cardiac targets in the management of cardiometabolic disease: Device‐based therapies
Author(s) -
Jorbenadze Ana,
Fudim Marat,
Mahfoud Felix,
Adamson Phillip B.,
Bekfani Tarek,
Wachter Rolf,
Sievert Horst,
Ponikowski Piotr P.,
Cleland John G. F.,
Anker Stefan D.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
esc heart failure
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.787
H-Index - 25
ISSN - 2055-5822
DOI - 10.1002/ehf2.13361
Subject(s) - medicine , ejection fraction , heart failure , cardiology , heart failure with preserved ejection fraction , diabetes mellitus , disease , intensive care medicine , endocrinology
Heart failure (HF) does not occur in a vacuum and is commonly defined and exacerbated by its co‐morbid conditions. Neurohormonal imbalance and systemic inflammation are some of the key pathomechanisms of HF but also commonly encountered co‐morbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cachexia, obesity and sleep‐disordered breathing. A cornerstone of HF management is neurohormonal blockade, which in HF with reduced ejection fraction has been tied to a reduction in morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological treatment effective in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction did not show substantial effects in HF with preserved ejection fraction. Here, we review novel device‐based therapies using neuromodulation of extra‐cardiac targets to treat cardiometabolic disease.