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This study investigated whether lower vagal function in preterm infants is associated with increased fundamental frequency ( F  0 ; frequency of vocal fold vibration) of their spontaneous cries. We assessed respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during quiet sleep as a measure of vagal function, and its relationship with the  F  0  of spontaneous cries in healthy preterm and term infants at term‐equivalent age. The results showed that preterm infants have significantly lower RSA, and higher overall  F  0  than term infants. Moreover, lower RSA was associated with higher overall  F  0  in preterm infants, whereas higher RSA was positively associated with mean and maximum  F  0 , and a larger  F  0  range in term infants. These results suggest that individual differences in vagal function may be associated with the  F  0  of spontaneous cries via modulation of vocal fold tension in infants at an early developmental stage. © 2016 The Authors.  Developmental Psychobiology  Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:724–733, 2016.

Associations between respiratory arrhythmia and fundamental frequency of spontaneous crying in preterm and term infants at term‐equivalent age