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β‐Zeolite‐Assisted Lignin‐First Fractionation in a Flow‐Through Reactor **
Author(s) -
Kramarenko Alexei,
Etit Deniz,
Laudadio Gabriele,
D'Angelo Fernanda Neira
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.202101157
Subject(s) - zeolite , depolymerization , chemistry , lignin , catalysis , oxalic acid , monomer , lignocellulosic biomass , organic chemistry , chemical engineering , polymer , engineering
Abstract In the present work, a hydrogen‐free one‐step catalytic fractionation of woody biomass using commercial β‐zeolite as catalyst in a flow‐through reactor was carried out. Birch, spruce, and walnut shells were compared as lignocellulosic feedstocks. β‐Zeolite acted as a bifunctional catalyst, preventing lignin repolymerization due to its size‐selective properties and also cleaving β‐O‐4 lignin intralinkages while stabilizing reactive intermediates. A rate‐limiting step analysis using different reactor configurations revealed a mixed regime where the rates of both solvolytic delignification and zeolite‐catalyzed depolymerization and dehydration affected the net rate of aromatic monomer production. Oxalic acid co‐feeding was found to enhance monomer production at moderate concentrations by improving solvolysis, while it caused structural changes to the zeolite and led to lower monomer yields at higher concentrations. Zeolite stability was assessed through catalyst recycling and characterization. Main catalyst deactivation mechanisms were found to be coking and leaching, leading to widening of the pores and decrease of zeolite acidity, respectively.