Premium
Successful Prediction of Human Steady‐State Unbound Brain‐to‐Plasma Concentration Ratio of P‐gp Substrates Using the Proteomics‐Informed Relative Expression Factor Approach
Author(s) -
Storelli Flavia,
Anoshchenko Olena,
Unadkat Jashvant D.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1002/cpt.2227
Subject(s) - verapamil , in vivo , p glycoprotein , loperamide , pharmacology , efflux , blood–brain barrier , chemistry , pharmacokinetics , human brain , in vitro , medicine , central nervous system , biology , biochemistry , neuroscience , calcium , multiple drug resistance , microbiology and biotechnology , diarrhea , antibiotics
In order to optimize central nervous system (CNS) drug development, accurate prediction of the drug’s human steady‐state unbound brain interstitial fluid‐to‐plasma concentration ratio (K p,uu,brain ) is critical, especially for drugs that are effluxed by the multiple drug resistance transporters (e.g., P‐glycoprotein, P‐gp). Due to lack of good in vitro human blood‐brain barrier models, we and others have advocated the use of a proteomics‐informed relative expressive factor (REF) approach to predict K p,uu,brain . Therefore, we tested the success of this approach in humans, with a focus on P‐gp substrates, using brain positron emission tomography imaging data for verification. To do so, the efflux ratio (ER) of verapamil, N‐desmethyl loperamide, and metoclopramide was determined in human P‐gp‐transfected MDCKII cells using the Transwell assay. Then, using the ER estimate, K p,uu,brain of the drug was predicted using REF (ER approach). Alternatively, in vitro passive and P‐gp–mediated intrinsic clearances (CLs) of these drugs, estimated using a five‐compartmental model, were extrapolated to in vivo using REF (active CL) and brain microvascular endothelial cells protein content (passive CL). The ER approach successfully predicted K p,uu,brain of all three drugs within twofold of observed data and within 95% confidence interval of the observed data for verapamil and N‐desmethyl loperamide. Using the in vitro –to– in vivo extrapolated clearance approach, K p,uu,brain was reasonably well predicted but not the brain unbound interstitial fluid drug concentration‐time profile. Therefore, we propose that the ER approach be used to predict K p,uu,brain of CNS candidate drugs to enhance their success in development.