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We present results from the Sloan Low‐mass Wide Pairs of Kinematically Equivalent Stars (SLoWPoKES) catalog of ultra‐wide (10 3 –10 5.5  AU), low‐mass (K5–M7) common proper motion binaries. We constructed a Galactic model, based on empirical stellar number density and 3D velocity distributions, to select bona fide pairs with probability of chance alignment <5 %, making SLoWPoKES an efficient sample for followup observations. Our initial catalog contains 1342 disk dwarf, subdwarf, and white dwarf‐red dwarf systems and is the largest collection of low‐mass, wide binaries ever assembled. The diversity – in mass, metallicity, age, and evolutionary states – of SLoWPoKES pairs makes it a valuable resource of  coeval laboratories  to examine and constrain the physical properties of low‐mass stars. SLoWPoKES pairs show signatures of two (or more) formation modes in the distribution of the physical separation and higher‐order multiplicity. Neither dynamical dissipation of primordial triples/quadruples or dynamical capture of ejected stars can explain the observed populations by itself. We use follow‐up spectroscopic observations to recalibrate the metallicity‐sensitive ζ TiO/CaH  index by assuming that both members of the binary system have the same composition. Our new formulation is a significantly better tracer of absolute metallicity, particularly for the early‐type M dwarfs. The catalogs are publicly available on a custom data visualization portal. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

astronomische nachrichten

The SLoWPoKES catalog of low‐mass ultra–wide binaries: A cool stars resource for testing fundamental properties and for constraining binary formation theory