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Benford's law is an empirical observation, first reported by Simon Newcomb in 1881 and then independently by Frank Benford in 1938: the first significant digits of numbers in large data are often distributed according to a logarithmically decreasing function. Being contrary to intuition, the law was forgotten as a mere curious observation. However, in the last two decades relevant literature has grown exponentially—an evolution typical of “Sleeping Beauties” (SBs) publications that go unnoticed (sleep) for a long time and then suddenly become the center of attention (are awakened). Thus, in the present study, we show that the two papers, Newcomb ([Newcomb, S., 1881]) and Benford ([Benford, F., 1938]), Newcomb ([Mitchell, O.M., 1881],  American Journal of Mathematics, 4 , 39–40) and Benford (1938, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 78, 551–572) papers are clearly SBs. The former was in a deep sleep for 110 years, whereas the latter was in a deep sleep for a comparatively lesser period of 31 years up to 1968, and in a state of less deep sleep for another 27 years, up to 1995. Both SBs were awakened in the year 1995 by Hill ([Hill, T.P., 1995a],  Statistical Science, 10 , 354–363). In so doing, we show that the waking prince (Hill, [Hill, T.P., 1995a]) is more often quoted than the SB whom he kissed—in this Benford's law case, wondering whether this is a general effect—to be usefully studied.

Benford's law: A “sleeping beauty” sleeping in the dirty pages of logarithmic tables