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An Aqueous Conducting Redox‐Polymer‐Based Proton Battery that Can Withstand Rapid Constant‐Voltage Charging and Sub‐Zero Temperatures
Author(s) -
Strietzel Christian,
Sterby Mia,
Huang Hao,
Strømme Maria,
Emanuelsson Rikard,
Sjödin Martin
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.202001191
Subject(s) - battery (electricity) , anode , cathode , electrolyte , aqueous solution , chemical engineering , materials science , polymer , redox , polymerization , electrode , chemistry , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , composite material , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering
Electrodes based on organic matter operating in aqueous electrolytes enable new approaches and technologies for assembling and utilizing batteries that are difficult to achieve with traditional electrode materials. Here, we report how thiophene‐based trimeric structures with naphthoquinone or hydroquinone redox‐active pendent groups can be processed in solution, deposited, dried and subsequently polymerized in solid state to form conductive (redox) polymer layers without any additives. Such post‐deposition polymerization offers efficient use of material, high mass loading (up to 10 mg cm −2 ) and good flexibility in the choice of substrate and coating method. By employing these materials as anode and cathode in an acidic aqueous electrolyte a rocking‐chair proton battery is built. The battery shows good cycling stability (85 % after 500 cycles), withstands rapid charging, with full capacity (60 mAh g −1 ) reached within 100 seconds, allows for direct integration with photovoltaics, and retains its favorable characteristics even at −24 °C.