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Anti‐Stokes Stress Sensing: Mechanochemical Activation of Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion
Author(s) -
Yildiz Deniz,
Baumann Christoph,
Mikosch Annabel,
Kuehne Alexander J. C.,
Herrmann Andreas,
Göstl Robert
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201907436
Subject(s) - photon upconversion , annihilation , anthracene , materials science , fluorescence , photochemistry , porphyrin , polymer , photon , chemical physics , nanotechnology , optoelectronics , chemistry , optics , luminescence , composite material , physics , quantum mechanics
Abstract The development of methods to detect damage in macromolecular materials is of paramount importance to understand their mechanical failure and the structure–property relationships of polymers. Mechanofluorophores are useful and sensitive molecular motifs for this purpose. However, to date, tailoring of their optical properties remains challenging and correlating emission intensity to force induced material damage and the respective events on the molecular level is complicated by intrinsic limitations of fluorescence and its detection techniques. Now, this is tackled by developing the first stress‐sensing motif that relies on photon upconversion. By combining the Diels–Alder adduct of a π‐extended anthracene with the porphyrin‐based triplet sensitizer PtOEP in polymers, triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion of green to blue light is mechanochemically activated in solution as well as in the solid state.