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σ‐Noninnocence: Masked Phenyl‐Cation Transfer at Formal Ni IV
Author(s) -
Steen Jelte S.,
Knizia Gerald,
Klein Johannes E. M. N.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
angewandte chemie international edition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.831
H-Index - 550
eISSN - 1521-3773
pISSN - 1433-7851
DOI - 10.1002/anie.201906658
Subject(s) - reductive elimination , electrophile , chemistry , aryl , ligand (biochemistry) , redox , oxidative addition , oxidation state , formal charge , covalent bond , medicinal chemistry , group 2 organometallic chemistry , metal , transition metal , organometallic chemistry , molecule , alkyl , organic chemistry , catalysis , biochemistry , receptor
Reductive elimination is an elementary organometallic reaction step involving a formal oxidation state change of −2 at a transition‐metal center. For a series of formal high‐valent Ni IV complexes, aryl–CF 3 bond‐forming reductive elimination was reported to occur readily (Bour et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc . 2015 , 137 , 8034–8037). We report a computational analysis of this reaction and find that, unexpectedly, the formal Ni IV centers are better described as approaching a +II oxidation state, originating from highly covalent metal–ligand bonds, a phenomenon attributable to σ‐noninnocence. A direct consequence is that the elimination of aryl–CF 3 products occurs in an essentially redox‐neutral fashion, as opposed to a reductive elimination. This is supported by an electron flow analysis which shows that an anionic CF 3 group is transferred to an electrophilic aryl group. The uncovered role of σ‐noninnocence in metal–ligand bonding, and of an essentially redox‐neutral elimination as an elementary organometallic reaction step, may constitute concepts of broad relevance to organometallic chemistry.