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Recent advances in bioorthogonal catalysis promise to deliver new chemical tools for performing chemoselective transformations in complex biological environments. Herein, we report how FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), and four flavoproteins act as unconventional photocatalysts capable of converting Pt IV  and Ru II  complexes into potentially toxic Pt II  or Ru II −OH 2  species. In the presence of electron donors and low doses of visible light, the flavoproteins mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG) and NADH oxidase (NOX) catalytically activate Pt IV  prodrugs with bioorthogonal selectivity. In the presence of NADH, NOX catalyzes Pt IV  activation in the dark as well, indicating for the first time that flavoenzymes may contribute to initiating the activity of Pt IV  chemotherapeutic agents.

Bioorthogonal Catalytic Activation of Platinum and Ruthenium Anticancer Complexes by FAD and Flavoproteins