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The gauge symmetry group of any slave boson representation allows to gauge away the phase of bosonic fields. One benefit of this radial field formulation is the elimination of spurious Bose condensations when saddle‐point approximation is performed. Within the Kotliar–Ruckenstein representation, three of the four bosonic fields can be radial while the last one has to remain complex. In this work, the procedure to carry out the functional integration involving constrained fermionic fields, complex bosonic fields, and radial bosonic fields is presented. The correctness of the representation is verified by exactly evaluating the partition function and the Green's function of the Hubbard model in the atomic limit.

Combining Complex and Radial Slave Boson Fields within the Kotliar–Ruckenstein Representation of Correlated Impurities