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Case  Several successful uses of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with novel  HIV / AIDS  infection have been reported; however, the therapeutic keys have not always been discussed.  A 47‐year‐old man was admitted with progressive shortness of breath. He was in respiratory failure with a PaO 2 /F I O 2  ratio of 110.8 requiring intubation. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground glass opacities. An  HIV  infection was suspected, and a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome was made. Based on clinical indications, treatment for  Pneumocystis jirovecii  pneumonia and concomitant bacterial infection was started.    Outcome  Despite broad‐spectrum antibiotics, the patient's oxygenation deteriorated, necessitating ECMO. After 19 days of ECMO therapy, the patient was successfully decannulated and was eventually discharged.    Conclusion  In acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with  HIV / AIDS  refractory to treatment, ECMO should be considered. Post‐ECMO antiretroviral therapy could improve outcomes.

acute medicine and surgery

Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a patient with  AIDS  successfully treated with veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report and literature review