Open AccessTo unwind the biological knots: The DNA / RNA G‐quadruplex resolvase RHAU ( DHX36 ) in development and disease
Author(s) -
Yang Chensi,
Yao Jie,
Yi Huijuan,
Huang Xinyi,
Zhao Wukui,
Yang Zhongzhou
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
animal models and experimental medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2576-2095
DOI - 10.1002/ame2.12251
Subject(s) - g quadruplex , chemistry , rna , dna , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , biochemistry , gene
The G‐quadruplex (G4) sequences are short fragments of 4‐interval triple guanine (G) with frequent and ubiquitous distribution in the genome and RNA transcripts. The G4 sequences are usually folded into secondary “knot” structure via Hoogsteen hydrogen bond to exert negative regulation on a variety of biological processes, including DNA replication and transcription, mRNA translation, and telomere maintenance. Recent structural biological and mouse genetics studies have demonstrated that RHAU (DHX36) can bind and unwind the G4 “knots” to modulate embryonic development and postnatal organ function. Deficiency of RHAU gives rise to embryonic lethality, impaired organogenesis, and organ dysfunction. These studies uncovered the pivotal G4 resolvase function of RHAU to release the G4 barrier, which plays fundamental roles in development and physiological homeostasis. This review discusses the latest advancements and findings in deciphering RHAU functions using animal models.