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Background  This study was conducted to measure the concentration of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) in different species and detect the expression pattern of the liver  Bckdha  gene in Goto‐Kakizaki ( GK ) rats during type 2 diabetes (T2D) progression.    Methods  We measured the concentration of BCAA in  GK  rats, induced T2D cynomolgus monkeys and T2D humans by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and used real‐time quantitative  PCR  to analyze the gene expression of  Bckdha  and  Bckdk , which encode the rate‐limiting enzymes in catabolism of, respectively, branched chain amino acids and branched chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase kinase.    Results  In this study, we showed that  GK  rat  BCAA  concentrations were significantly reduced at 4 and 8 weeks ( P  < 0.05 and  P  < 0.01, respectively), while the expression of  Bckdha  in  GK  rat liver was increased at 4 and 8 weeks (1.62‐fold and 1.93‐fold, respectively). The  BCAA  concentrations were significantly reduced in diet‐induced T2D cynomolgus monkeys ( P  < 0.01), but significantly increased in T2D humans ( P  < 0.001).    Conclusions  Our results showed that  BCAA  concentrations changed at different times and by different amounts in different species and during different periods of T2D progress, and the significant changes of  BCAA  concentration in the three species indicated that BCAA might participate in the progress of T2D. The results suggested that the increased expression of  Bckdha  in  GK  rat liver might partially explain the reduced plasma  BCAA  concentration at 4 and 8 weeks. Further studies are required to investigate the exact mechanism of  BCAA  changes in non‐obese T2D.

The pattern of plasma BCAA concentration and liver Bckdha gene expression in GK rats during T2D progression