Open AccessRedox imbalance stress in diabetes mellitus: Role of the polyol pathway
Author(s) -
Yan Liangjun
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
animal models and experimental medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2576-2095
DOI - 10.1002/ame2.12001
Subject(s) - polyol pathway , sorbitol dehydrogenase , sorbitol , aldose reductase , nad+ kinase , polyol , fructose , oxidative stress , diabetes mellitus , chemistry , redox , biochemistry , dehydrogenase , medicine , endocrinology , enzyme , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , polyurethane
In diabetes mellitus, the polyol pathway is highly active and consumes approximately 30% glucose in the body. This pathway contains 2 reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase, respectively. AR reduces glucose to sorbitol at the expense of NADPH , while sorbitol dehydrogenase converts sorbitol to fructose at the expense of NAD + , leading to NADH production. Consumption of NADPH , accumulation of sorbitol, and generation of fructose and NADH have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. In this review, the roles of this pathway in NADH / NAD + redox imbalance stress and oxidative stress in diabetes are highlighted. A potential intervention using nicotinamide riboside to restore redox balance as an approach to fighting diabetes is also discussed.