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We investigated in vivo the allodynic response of the central  μ ‐opioid system during spontaneous migraine headaches, following a sustained pain threshold challenge on the trigeminal ophthalmic region. Six migraineurs were scanned during the ictal and interictal phases using positron emission tomography ( PET ) with the selective  μ ‐opioid receptor ( μ  OR ) radiotracer [11C]carfentanil. Females were scanned during the mid‐late follicular phase of two separate cycles. Patients showed ictal trigeminal allodynia during the thermal challenge that was concurrent and positively correlated with  μ  OR  activation in the midbrain, extending from red nucleus to ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter. These findings demonstrate for the first time in vivo the high  μ  OR  activation in the migraineurs' brains in response to their allodynic experience.

μ ‐Opioid activation in the midbrain during migraine allodynia – brief report II