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Background  We conducted a multi‐modal optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and magnetoencephalography ( MEG ) study to test whether there is a relationship between retinal layer integrity and electrophysiological activity and connectivity ( FC ) in the visual network influenced by optic neuritis ( ON ) in patients with multiple sclerosis ( MS ).    Methods  One hundred and two  MS  patients were included in this  MEG / OCT  study. Retinal  OCT  data were collected from the optic discs, macular region, and segmented. Neuronal activity and  FC  in the visual cortex was estimated from source‐reconstructed resting‐state  MEG  data by computing relative power and the phase lag index ( PLI ). Generalized estimating equations ( GEE ) were used to account for intereye within‐patient dependencies.    Results  There was a significant relationship for both relative power and  FC  in the visual cortex with retinal layer thicknesses. The findings were influenced by the presence of  MSON ,  particularly  for connectivity in the alpha bands and the outer macular layers. In the absence of  MSON , this relationship was dominated by the lower frequency bands (theta, delta) and inner and outer retinal layers.    Conclusion  These results suggest that visual cortex  FC  more than activity alters in the presence of  MSON , which may guide the understanding of  FC  plasticity effects following  MSON .

Structure‐function relationships in the visual system in multiple sclerosis: an MEG and OCT study