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Abstract  We study changes of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity for the ending period of the solar cycle 23 and the beginning of the solar cycle 24 using neutron monitors experimental data. We show that an increase of the GCR intensity in 2009 is generally related with decrease of the solar wind velocity  U , the strength  B  of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and the drift in negative ( A  < 0) polarity epoch. We present that temporal changes of rigidity dependence of the GCR intensity variation, before reaching maximum level in 2009 and after it, do not noticeably differ from each other. The rigidity spectrum of the GCR intensity variations calculated based on neutron monitors data (for rigidities > 10 GV) is hard in the minimum and near‐minimum epoch. We do not recognize any nonordinary changes in the physical mechanism of modulation of the GCR intensity in the rigidity range of GCR particles to which neutron monitors respond. We compose 2‐D nonstationary model of transport equation to describe variations of the GCR intensity for 1996–2012 including the  A  > 0 (1996–2001) and the  A  < 0 (2002–2012) periods; diffusion coefficient of cosmic rays for rigidity 10–15 GV is increased by ~ 30% in 2009 ( A  < 0) comparing with 1996 ( A  > 0). We believe that the proposed model is relatively realistic, and obtained results are satisfactorily compatible with neutron monitors data.

Peculiarities of cosmic ray modulation in the solar minimum 23/24