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Why does the temperature gradient within a vortex tube deviate significantlyfrom the adiabatic gradient is an important but unresolved issue. A new theoryfrom solar physics suggests that the vorticity gradient, like the temperaturegradient, can suppress or promote convection depending on the conditions,causing the temperature gradient to deviate significantly from or approach theadiabatic gradient. The gas near the wall has a very high vorticity, which canprovide a large buoyancy force, driving some fluid parcels to undergo multiplecollisions and reach near the axis, achieving temperature separation.

Temperature Separation in a Vortex Tube and Solar Convection