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Why the temperature gradient in the vortex tube deviates significantly fromthe adiabatic gradient is a very important but unresolved issue in vortex tuberesearch. In compressible fluids, the vorticity of a fluid parcel that isdifferent from its environment can affect its own pressure or density, justlike temperature. Gases near the wall have very high vorticity, and when theydetach from the wall, their higher vorticity compared to the environment makestheir density lower than the environment. Driven by vorticity, some fluidparcels undergo multiple collisions near the axis, achieving temperatureseparation.

Temperature Separation in a Vortex Tube and convection driven by vorticity