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The current standard model of cosmology - the {\ensuremath{\Lambda}}CDM model- is appropriately named after its controversial foreign ingredients: acosmological constant ({\ensuremath{\Lambda}}) that accounts for the recentaccelerated expansion of the Universe and cold dark matter needed to explainthe formation and dynamics of large scale structures. Together, these form thedark sector, whose nature remains a mystery. After 25 years of withstandingconfirmation and support for the {\ensuremath{\Lambda}}CDM model, enough tobypass some of its unclear theoretical issues, this paradigm is facing itsbiggest crisis yet. The rapid advent of technology has brought cosmology to anunprecedented observational era, with increased technical precision and theemergence of independent measures, including probes of phenomena that werethought impossible to detect or even exist, such as the gravitational ripplesthat propagate in the spacetime. However, such precision has unveiled cracks inthe porcelain of {\ensuremath{\Lambda}}CDM, with pieces that seem gluedtogether and difficult to reconcile. Particularly worrying is the apparent lackof compatibility between measurements of the Universe's present expansion ratebased on local measurements and those based on phenomena that occurred far inthe early Universe and that can only be translated into present quantitiesthrough physical propagation under a cosmological model. In this dissertation,we delve into extensions to the standard model that consider alternatives tothe mysterious nature of the dark sector and any possible new interactionstherein. We analyse these alternative models, hoping to identify measurableobservational signatures of extra degrees of freedom in the dark sector.

Illuminating the Dark Sector: Searching for new interactions between dark matter and dark energy