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Here, we present an in-depth theoretical analysis of the linear electroopticeffect in low-symmetry three-dimensional (3D) conductive materials with largeBerry curvature dipoles. Our study identifies two distinct kineticcontributions to the linear electrooptic effect: a gyrotropic Hermitian(conservative) piece and a non-Hermitian term that can originate optical gain.We concentrate on the study of 3D materials belonging to the 32 ($D_3$) pointgroup subject to a static electric bias along the trigonal axis. Ourinvestigation shows that doped trigonal tellurium has promising properties,with its gyrotropic electrooptic response offering the potential for realizingelectrically-biased electromagnetic isolators and inducing significant opticaldichroism. Most notably, it is demonstrated that under sufficiently largestatic electric bias, tellurium's non-Hermitian electrooptic response may leadto optical gain. Using first-principles calculations, it is shown that n-dopedtellurium is particularly promising, as it can host significantly larger Berrycurvature dipoles than the more common p-doped tellurium.

Non-Hermitian Linear Electrooptic Effect in 3D materials