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Studying the nature of spiral arms is essential for understanding theformation of the intricate disc structure of the Milky Way. The European SpaceAgency's Gaia mission has provided revolutionary observational data that haveuncovered detailed kinematical features of stars in the Milky Way. However, sofar the nature of spiral arms continues to remain a mystery. Here we presentthat the stellar kinematics traced by the classical Cepheids around the Perseusand Outer spiral arms in the Milky Way shows strikingly different kinematicalproperties from each other: the radial and azimuthal velocities of Cepheidswith respect to the Galactic centre show positive and negative correlations inthe Perseus and Outer arms, respectively. We also found that the dynamic spiralarms commonly seen in an N-body/hydrodynamics simulation of a Milky Way-likegalaxy can naturally explain the observed kinematic trends. Furthermore, acomparison with such a simulation suggests that the Perseus arm is beingdisrupted while the Outer arm is growing. Our findings suggest that twoneighbouring spiral arms in distinct evolutionary phases - growing anddisrupting phases - coexist in the Milky Way.

Clues to growth and disruption of two neighbouring spiral arms of the Milky Way