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The balance between energy intake and expenditure is essential and crucialfor survival for all organisms. The energy management is closely linked to theecology. Thus, changes in environmental conditions can be challenging,especially for the animals physiology. Different strategies of thermoregulationhave evolved and heterothermy seems to be the most efficient way for savingenergy. Daily torpor, a temporally controlled reduction of the metabolic rateand body temperature, is one form of heterothermy and recent studies revealedthat this physiological strategy is used by many tropical and subtropicalspecies. Yet, little is known about torpor in bats and their intraspecificthermoregulatory flexibility. Therefore, three populations of the Malagasy batspecies Triaenops menamena were investigated, to examine their metabolic rate,skin temperature and related energy expenditure during normothermic and torpidstates in context of different microclimatic conditions. This study exposedsignificant physiological differences among these three populations along agradient of fluctuation in environmental conditions. The greater thefluctuations in ambient temperature and humidity, the higher was the generalresting metabolic rate and the rate of its reduction, but the lower was thetorpid metabolic rate. This species shows a highly adaptive flexibility intheir physiology and are able to cope with unfavorable environmental conditionsby using different strategies of thermoregulation and hypometabolism, which isbeneficial regarding ongoing climatic changes.

Ready for climate change? The importance of adaptive thermoregulatory flexibility for the Malagasy bat species Triaenops menamena