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Gaze interaction presents a promising avenue in Virtual Reality (VR) due toits intuitive and efficient user experience. Yet, the depth control inherent inour visual system remains underutilized in current methods. In this study, weintroduce FocusFlow, a hands-free interaction method that capitalizes on humanvisual depth perception within the 3D scenes of Virtual Reality. We firstdevelop a binocular visual depth detection algorithm to understand eye inputcharacteristics. We then propose a layer-based user interface and introduce theconcept of 'Virtual Window' that offers an intuitive and robust gaze-depth VRinteraction, despite the constraints of visual depth accuracy and precisionspatially at further distances. Finally, to help novice users activelymanipulate their visual depth, we propose two learning strategies that usedifferent visual cues to help users master visual depth control. Our userstudies on 24 participants demonstrate the usability of our proposed virtualwindow concept as a gaze-depth interaction method. In addition, our findingsreveal that the user experience can be enhanced through an effective learningprocess with adaptive visual cues, helping users to develop muscle memory forthis brand-new input mechanism. We conclude the paper by discussing strategiesto optimize learning and potential research topics of gaze-depth interaction.

FocusFlow: 3D Gaze-Depth Interaction in Virtual Reality Leveraging Active Visual Depth Manipulation