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Reliable quantum communication over hundreds of kilometers is a daunting yetnecessary requirement for a quantum internet. To overcome photon loss, thedeployment of quantum repeater stations between distant network nodes isnecessary. A plethora of different quantum hardware is being developed for thispurpose, each platform with its own opportunities and challenges. Here, wepropose to combine two promising hardware platforms in a hybrid quantumrepeater architecture to lower the cost and boost the performance oflong-distance quantum communication. We outline how ensemble-based quantummemories combined with single-spin photon transducers, which are devices thatcan generate, convert, and modulate photons with single spins, can facilitatemassive multiplexing, efficient photon generation, and quantum logic foramplifying communication rates. As a specific example, we describe how a singleRubidium (Rb) atom coupled to nanophotonic resonators can function as ahigh-rate, telecom-visible entangled photon source with the visible photonbeing compatible with storage in a Thulium-doped crystal memory (Tm-memory) andthe telecom photon being compatible with low loss fiber propagation. Weexperimentally verify that Tm and Rb transitions are in resonance with eachother. Our analysis shows that by employing up to 16 repeater stations, eachequipped with two Tm-memories capable of holding up to 350 storage modes, alongwith four single Rb atoms, one can reach a quantum communication rate exceedinghundreds of qubits per second across distances of up to 1000 km.

Hybrid Quantum Repeaters with Ensemble-based Quantum Memories and Single-spin Photon Transducers