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Uranus and Neptune have intrinsic magnetic fields generated via convection ina molten H2O layer, where the field strength is determined by its electricalconductivity (EC) along with convection size and velocity. Previous shockexperiments reported that the EC of molten H2O is high enough to generatemagnetic fields of these ice giant planets with adiabatic thermal structures.Here we measured the EC of ionic H2O fluid for the first time by staticcompression experiments up to 45 GPa and 2,750 K. The EC determined is lower bya few orders of magnitude than earlier data by shock compression measurementsand not capable of generating a magnetic field with the conventional interiorthermal structures. Our results necessitate recently-suggested fewfold hotterinteriors of Uranus and Neptune to explain their magnetic fields.

Hot interiors of ice giant planets inferred from electrical conductivity of dense H2O fluid