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Opinionated users often seek information that aligns with their preexistingbeliefs while dismissing contradictory evidence due to confirmation bias. Thisconduct hinders their ability to consider alternative stances when searchingthe web. Despite this, few studies have analyzed how the diversification ofsearch results on disputed topics influences the search behavior of highlyopinionated users. To this end, we present a preregistered user study (n = 257)investigating whether different levels (low and high) of bias metrics andsearch results presentation (with or without AI-predicted stances labels) canaffect the stance diversity consumption and search behavior of opinionatedusers on three debated topics (i.e., atheism, intellectual property rights, andschool uniforms). Our results show that exposing participants to(counter-attitudinally) biased search results increases their consumption ofattitude-opposing content, but we also found that bias was associated with atrend toward overall fewer interactions within the search page. We also foundthat 19% of users interacted with queries and search pages but did not selectany search results. When we removed these participants in a post-hoc analysis,we found that stance labels increased the diversity of stances consumed byusers, particularly when the search results were biased. Our findings highlightthe need for future research to explore distinct search scenario settings togain insight into opinionated users' behavior.

Navigating the Thin Line: Examining User Behavior in Search to Detect Engagement and Backfire Effects