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One-dimensional spin chain systems have received special attention todiscover the novel magnetic ground states and emergent phenomena, while themagnetic studies on rare-earth (RE)-based 1D spin chain materials are stillrare. Here, we report the synthesis, structure and magnetic behaviors on afamily of tetragonal tungsten-bronze structure K2RENb5O15 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm,Gd-Ho) compounds, which consist of 1D linear spin-chain structure built by RE3+ions along the c-axis and well spatially separated by the nonmagnetic K/Nb-Opolyhedrons with large interchain distances of ~ 8.80-8.88 {\AA} in theab-plane. The low temperature magnetic measurements reveal the absence oflong-range magnetic order down to 1.8 K for all serial K2RENb5O15 compounds andthe dominant ferromagnetic interactions for RE=Ce,Dy and antiferromagneticinteractions for other members. Among them, K2GdNb5O15 with spin only magneticmoment S=7/2, exhibits a long-range magnetic order with TN~0.31 K and strongspin fluctuations at low temperatures due to its low-dimension characteristics.Moreover, a large magnetocaloric effect under low field change of 0-2 T isrealized at temperatures below 1 K for K2GdNb5O15, letting it as an idealcandidate for adiabatic magnetic refrigeration applications at sub-kelvintemperatures. The K2RENb5O15 become a rare family of insulting RE-based magnetsto explore the novel 1D spin chain physics beyond the 3d TM-based counterparts,in terms of its combination of low dimension, strong spin-orbital coupling andthe rich diversity of RE ions.

A family of rare-earth Quasi-One-Dimensional spin-chain compounds K2RENb5O15 (RE=Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd-Ho) with large interchain distance