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This study presents an innovative direct numerical simulation approach forcomplex particle systems with irregular shapes and large numbers. Usingpartially saturated methods, it accurately models arbitrary shapes, albeit atconsiderable computational cost when integrating a compatible contact model.The introduction of a novel parallelization strategy significantly improves theperformance of the contact model, enabling efficient four-way coupledsimulations. Through hindered settling studies, the criticality of the explicitcontact model for maintaining simulation accuracy is highlighted, especially athigh particle volume fractions and low Archimedes numbers. The feasibility ofsimulating thousands of arbitrarily shaped convex particles is demonstratedwith up to 1934 surface-resolved particles. The study also confirms the gridindependence and linear convergence of the method. It shows for the first timethat cube swarms settle 13 to 26% slower than swarms of volume-equivalentspheres across different Archimedes numbers (500 to 2000) and particle volumefractions (10 to 30%). These findings emphasize the shape dependence ofparticle systems and suggest avenues for exploring their nuanced dynamics.

A novel model for direct numerical simulation of suspension dynamics with arbitrarily shaped convex particles