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Globular proteins as well as recently synthesized colloids engineered withdifferently charged surface regions have in common a reduced bonding valenceand a complex interaction pattern dominated by like-charge attraction andopposite-charge repulsion. While the impact of low functionality on thecondensation of the liquid phase has been extensively studied, the combinedeffect of limited bonding valence and particle charge heterogeneity on theliquid-liquid phase separation has not been investigated yet. We numericallytackle this challenge in a systematic fashion by taking advantage of anefficient coarse-grained model grounded into a robust mean-field description.We consider a relatively simple surface pattern consisting of two charged polarcaps and an oppositely charged equatorial belt and investigate how theinterplay between geometry and electrostatics affect the critical pointparameters. We find that electrostatics has a dramatic effect on thecondensation of the liquid phase -- especially in the regime of large polarcaps.

Liquid-liquid phase separation driven by charge heterogeneity