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Biopolymer topology is critical for determining interactions inside cellenvironments, exemplified by DNA where its response to mechanical perturbationis as important as biochemical properties to its cellular roles. The dynamicstructures of chiral biopolymers exhibit complex dependence with extension andtorsion, however the physical mechanisms underpinning the emergence ofstructural motifs upon physiological twisting and stretching are poorlyunderstood due to technological limitations in correlating force, torque andspatial localization information. We present COMBI-Tweez (Combined Optical andMagnetic BIomolecule TWEEZers), a transformative tool that overcomes thesechallenges by integrating optical trapping, time-resolved electromagnetictweezers, and fluorescence microscopy, demonstrated on single DNA molecules,that can controllably form and visualise higher order structural motifsincluding plectonemes. This technology combined with cutting-edge MDsimulations provides quantitative insight into complex dynamic structuresrelevant to DNA cellular processes and can be adapted to study a range offilamentous biopolymers.

Correlating fluorescence microscopy, optical and magnetic tweezers to study single chiral biopolymers, tested on DNA plectoneme formation dynamics