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This dissertation aims to deepen the understanding of the primordialcomposition of the Universe in the temperature range 300 MeV>T>0.02 MeV. Iexploit known properties of elementary particles and apply methods of kinetictheory and statistical physics to advance the understanding of the cosmicplasma.  Within the Big Bang model, we begin by considering the Universe being ahighly energetic fireball, an ultra-relativistic plasma exhibiting distinctproperties. Fundamental particles such as quarks, leptons, and even heaviergauge bosons play a crucial role in the understanding of the early Universe.Our research focuses on the investigation of these fundamental particles asconstituents of the dense Universe plasma during the epoch which transits fromprimordial quark-gluon plasma to the era of normal hadron matter, passingthrough the decoupling of neutrinos and addressing in detail theelectron-positron antimatter plasma.

Elementary Particles and Plasma in the First Hour of the Early Universe