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In this study for the first time, polymeric nanofiltration membranes based onpolyethersulfone (PES) polymer were surface-modified by using a diamond-likecarbon (DLC) nanostructure coating layer. The effect of this coating on theperformance and anti-fouling properties of the membrane was investigated. Thesurface-modified membranes significantly improved the salt separation and theirhydrophilicity was more than the control membrane after the reformationprocess. The amount of salt separation increased from 64% to 98% due to thedecrease in the size of the holes on the surface. The absorption characteristicof DLC nanostructure in contact with feed solution was reported as anotherreason in this field. The contact angle (CA) of water also decreased due to theimprovement of hydrophilicity, which means the increase of hydrophilicity inthe above membranes. The amount of pure water flux passing through themembranes increases from one side of the membrane surface to both sides withthe increase significantly of the coating level, so that its value reaches fromabout 8L/m2h for the M0 membrane to 65L/m2h in the membrane containing M3. Thesurface morphology of unmodified membranes changed from a rough state with anaverage of 16nm in PES membranes to a smoother state in modified membranes withan average of 9nm. The recovery rate of the flux and the total absorption ratewere obtained in complete agreement with the results obtained from the CA ofwater and the amount of the calculated surface roughness parameter. Theincrease in the flux recovery rate and the decrease in the fouling rateindicated the successful improvement of the antifouling properties as a resultof the coating process. Based on the washing test, the prepared sample has goodstability against the number of washing cycles, which is a very importantadvantage for practical applications.

Improving physico-chemical properties and antifouling of nanofiltration membranes using coating DLC nanostructures