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We find that the spontaneous and collective emissions have a large influenceon the excitation of two-level absorbers (atoms, molecules) interacting inresonance with the plasmonic mode near the metal nanoparticle. The spontaneousand collective emissions restrict the absorption enhancement by plasmonic modeand make the enhancement possible only with a fast, on a pico-second timescale, population relaxation of the upper absorbing states. Conditions for themaximum of the plasmon-enhanced absorption in the presence of spontaneous andcollective emissions are found. We show that the nanoparticle-absorberinteraction and the collective emission cause the bistability in theplasmon-enhanced absorption.

Spontaneous emission, collective phenomena and the efficiency of plasmon-stimulated photo-excitation