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The Hirota equation is one of the integrable higher-order extensions of thenonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, and can describe the ultra-short opticalpulse propagation in the form $iq_t+\alpha(q_{xx}+ 2|q|^2q)+i\beta (q_{xxx}+6|q|^2q_x)=0,\, (x,t)\in\mathbb{R}^2\, (\alpha,\,\beta\in\mathbb{R})$. In thispaper, we analytically explore the asymptotic behaviors of a soliton gas forthe Hirota equation including the complex modified KdV equation, in which thesoliton gas is regarded as the limit $N\to \infty$ of $N$-soliton solutions,and characterized using the Riemann-Hilbert problem with discrete spectrarestricted in the intervals $(ia, ib)\cup (-ib, -ia)\, (0<a<b)$. We find thatthis soliton gas tends slowly to the Jaocbian elliptic wave solution with anerror $\mathcal{O}(|x|^{-1})$ (zero exponentially quickly ) as $x\to -\infty$($x\to +\infty$). We also present the long-time asymptotics of the soliton gasunder the different velocity conditions: $x/t>4\beta b^2,\, \xi_c<x/t<4\betab^2,\, x/t<\xi_c$. Moreover, we analyze the property of the soliton gas for thecase of the discrete spectra filling uniformly a quadrature domain.

Soliton gas for the focusing Hirota equation via Riemann-Hilbert problems: Large-space and long-time asymptotic behaviors