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The properties of warm-hot gas around $\sim L_{*}$ galaxies can be studiedwith absorption lines from highly ionized metals. We predict Ne VIII columndensities from cosmological zoom-in simulations of halos with masses in $\sim10^{12}$ and $\sim 10^{13}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ from the FIRE project. Ne VIIItraces the volume-filling, virial-temperature gas in $\sim10^{12}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ halos. In $\sim 10^{13}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ halosthe Ne VIII gas is clumpier, and biased towards the cooler part of the warm-hotphase. We compare the simulations to observations by the CASBaH and CUBSsurveys. We show that when inferring halo masses from stellar masses to comparesimulated and observed halos, it is important to account for the scatter in thestellar-mass-halo-mass relation, especially at $\,\mathrm{M}_{\star} \gtrsim10^{10.5} \,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. Median Ne VIII columns in the fiducial FIRE-2model are about as high as observed upper limits allow, while the simulationsanalyzed do not reproduce the highest observed columns. This suggests that themedian Ne VIII profiles predicted by the simulations are consistent withobservations, but that the simulations may underpredict the scatter. We findsimilar agreement with analytical models that assume a product of the halo gasfraction and metallicity (relative to solar) $\sim 0.1$-$0.3$, indicating thatobservations are consistent with plausible CGM temperatures, metallicities, andgas masses. Variants of the FIRE simulations with a modified supernova feedbackmodel and/or AGN feedback included (as well as some other cosmologicalsimulations from the literature) more systematically underpredict Ne VIIIcolumns. The circumgalactic Ne VIII observations therefore provide valuableconstraints on simulations that otherwise predict realistic galaxy properties.

Ne VIII in the warm-hot circumgalactic medium of FIRE simulations and in observations