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In complex systems, decision makers often have to consider qualitativelydifferent risks when choosing between options. Do their strategies ofintegrating these risks depend on the framing of problem contents? In thepresent study, participants were either instructed that they were choosingbetween two ways of solving a complex problem, or between two generic options.The former was framed as a modular plant scenario that required choices betweenmodifying parameter settings in a current module (Adapt) and replacing themodule by another one (Exchange). The risk was higher for Adapt to harm theproduct and for Exchange to harm the plant. These risks were presented asprobabilities, and participants were either told that the consequences of bothrisks were equally severe (content-same group), or that harming the plant wasmuch worse (content-different group). A third group made decisions based on thesame probabilities, but received a generic task framing (no-content group). Weexpected framing to affect risk integration, leading the content-same group tomake different choices than the no-content group. Contrary to this hypothesis,these two groups were strikingly similar in their decision outcomes andstrategies, but clearly differed from the content-different group. Thesefindings question whether ecological validity can be enhanced merely by framinga task in terms of real-world problem contents.

Adapt/Exchange decisions or generic choices: Does framing influence how people integrate qualitatively different risks?