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The Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) forms a critical transition region between theocean and sea ice cover as it protects the close ice further in from the effectof the steepest and most energetic open ocean waves. As waves propagate throughthe MIZ, they get exponentially attenuated. Unfortunately, the associatedattenuation coefficient is difficult to accurately estimate and model, andthere are still large uncertainties around which attenuation mechanismsdominate depending on the conditions. This makes it challenging to predictwaves in ice attenuation, as well as sea ice breakup and dynamics. Here, wereport in-situ observations of strongly modulated waves-in-ice amplitude, witha modulation period of around 12 hours. We show that simple explanations, suchas changes in the incoming open water waves, or the effect of tides andcurrents and bathymetry, cannot explain for the observed modulation. Therefore,the significant wave height modulation observed in the ice most likely comesfrom a modulation of the waves-in-ice attenuation coefficient. To explain this,we conjecture that one or several waves-in-ice attenuation mechanisms areperiodically modulated and switched on and off in the area of interest. Wegather evidence that sea ice convergence and divergence is likely the factordriving this change in the waves in ice attenuation mechanisms and attenuationcoefficient, for example by modulating the intensity of floe-floe interactionmechanisms.

Buoy measurements of strong waves in ice amplitude modulation: a signature of complex physics governing waves in ice attenuation