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Ferromagnetism, as one of the most valuable properties of materials, hasattracted sustained and widespread interest in basic and applied research fromancient compasses to modern electronic devices. Traditionally, intrinsicferromagnetism has been attributed to the permanent magnetic moment induced bypartially filled d- or f-orbitals. However, the development of ferromagneticmaterials has been limited by this electronic structure convention. Thus, theidentification of additional materials that are not constrained by thisconventional rule but also exhibit intrinsic ferromagnetism is highly expectedand may impact all the fields based on ferromagnetism. Here, we report thedirect observation of room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism intwo-dimensional (2D) Na2Cl crystals, in which there are only partially filleds- and p-orbitals rather than d- or f-orbitals, using the superconductingquantum interference device (SQUID) and magnetic force microscope (MFM). TheseNa2Cl crystals formed in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes have anunconventional stoichiometric structure leading to unique electron and spindistributions. And the structure of these 2D Na2Cl crystals, including the Naand Cl sites, is characterized in situ for the first time and directly observedby cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) based on the observed difference incontrast between Na stacked with Cl and single Na. These findings break theconventional rule of intrinsic ferromagnetism and provide new insights into thedesign of novel magnetic and electronic devices and transistors with a sizedown to the atomic scale.

Room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetism of two-dimensional Na2Cl crystals originated by s- and p-orbitals