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We present a comprehensive study of the nonproportionality of NaI(Tl)scintillation detectors within the context of dark matter search experiments.Our investigation, which integrates COSINE-100 data with supplementary $\gamma$spectroscopy, measures light yields across diverse energy levels fromfull-energy $\gamma$ peaks produced by the decays of various isotopes. These$\gamma$ peaks of interest were produced by decays supported by both long andshort-lived isotopes. Analyzing peaks from decays supported only by short-livedisotopes presented a unique challenge due to their limited statistics andoverlapping energies, which was overcome by long-term data collection and atime-dependent analysis. A key achievement is the direct measurement of the0.87 keV light yield, resulting from the cascade following electron capturedecay of $^{22}$Na from internal contamination. This measurement, previouslyaccessible only indirectly, deepens our understanding of NaI(Tl) scintillatorbehavior in the region of interest for dark matter searches. This study holdssubstantial implications for background modeling and the interpretation of darkmatter signals in NaI(Tl) experiments.

Nonproportionality of NaI(Tl) Scintillation Detector for Dark Matter Search Experiments