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For small-scale liquid rockets, pressure-fed systems are commonly favoureddue to their simplicity and low weight. In such systems, accurate regulation ofboth tank and injector pressures over a wide range of upstream pressures iscritical $-$ more accurate regulation allows for higher engine efficiency andminimal tank mass, thus improving flight performance. However, existing methodssuch as dome-loaded pressure regulators are inflexible, or require extensivecharacterization to function accurately. These methods also suffer from limitedorifice size, droop, and slow reaction times, making them unsuitable forthrottling by adjusting pressures in flight, which are increasingly importantas propulsively landing rockets become more common. To overcome thesechallenges, we designed an electronic pressure regulator (eReg), a multi-inputmulti-output system utilising closed loop feedback to accurately controldownstream pressures. Our design is simple, low-cost and robust: with a singleball valve actuated by a motor, we regulate both gaseous pressurant andcryogenic liquid propellant at high flow rates (1.14 kg/s of liquid; 0.39 kg/sof gas) and upstream pressures (310 bar). Using 2 eRegs to regulate propellanttank pressures, and 2 eRegs for regulating propellant flow to the engine, wedemonstrated our system's ability, in a static fire test, to regulate pressuresaccurately (within 0.2 bar) while simultaneously throttling our engine. To thebest of our knowledge, this is the first time any undergraduate team hassuccessfully throttled a liquid bipropellant engine.

Low-cost, Lightweight Electronic Flow Regulators for Throttling Liquid Rocket Engines